Description
Mechanism of Action
Amoxicillin inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell wall by binding to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), thus inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis resulting in bacterial lysis.
Absorption: Rapidly and completely absorbed from the GI tract with peak plasma concentrations after 1-2 hr (oral). Not inactivated by gastric acid and presence of food does not impair absorption.
Distribution: Widely distributed, CSF (small concentrations except when the meninges are inflamed), bile (high concentrations); crosses the placenta and enters the breast milk (small amounts). Protein-binding: 20%.
Metabolism: Converted to a limited extent to penicilloic acid.
Excretion: Via the urine within 6 hr by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion (as penicilloic acid and 60% unchanged drug); via the faeces. May be removed by haemodialysis; 1-1.5 hr (elimination half-life).
MIMS Class
Penicillins
ATC Classification
J01CA04 – amoxicillin; Belongs to the class of penicillins with extended spectrum. Used in the systemic treatment of infections.;
