Description
Indications |
Listed in Dosage. |
Dosage |
Adult : PO Reversible airways obstruction; COPD 400 mg bid-tid. |
Dosage Details |
Oral COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), Reversible airways obstruction Adult: 400 mg bid-tid. Max: 1,200 mg daily. |
Contraindications |
Acute MI, hypotension. Lactation. |
Special Precautions |
Patients with cardiac disease (e.g. cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, CHF, acute myocardial injury, hypertension), peptic ulcer, hyperthyroidism, hypoxemia, chronic cor pulmonale, convulsive disorder. Hepatic and renal impairment. Children and elderly. Pregnancy. |
Adverse Drug Reactions |
Cardiac disorders: Tachycardia, palpitation, extrasystole. Metabolism and nutrition disorders: Hyperglycaemia. Gastrointestinal disorders: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, epigastric pain. General disorders and administration site disorders: Irritability. Nervous system disorders: Headache, nervousness, dizziness. Psychiatric disorders: Insomnia, nervousness. Renal and urinary disorders: Albuminuria. |
Overdosage |
Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, gastroinstestinal bleeding, metabolic acidosis, hypokalaemia, hypotension, cardiac arrythmias, and seizures. Management: Symptomatic and supportive treatment. May induce emesis or perform gastric lavage followed by administration of activated charcoal and cathartic. Establish adequate airway. IV diazepam and/or phenobarbital may be given in cases of seizure. |
Drug Interactions |
Decreased xanthine clearance with cimetidine, allopurinol, propranolol, antibiotics (e.g. erythromycin, lincomycin, ciprofloxacin) and anti-flu vaccine. Increased xanthine clearance with anticonvulsants (e.g. phenytoin). May potentiate hypokalaemia with β2- agonist. |
Mechanism of Action |
Description: Doxophylline is a methylxanthine derivative that possesses potent bronchodilator activity by inhibiting phosphodiesterase enzymes followed by an increase in cyclic-3’, 5’ adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) resulting in smooth muscle relaxation. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: Absolute bioavailability: Approx 62.6%. Time to peak plasma concentration: 30-60 minutes. Distribution: Volume of distribution: Approx 1 L/kg. Plasma protein binding: Approx 48%. Excretion: Via urine (< 4% as unchanged drug). Elimination half-lie: >6 hours. |
Storage |
Store below 30°C. |
MIMS Class |
Antiasthmatic & COPD Preparations |
ATC Classification |
R03DA11 – doxofylline ; Belongs to the class of xanthines. Used in the systemic treatment of obstructive airway diseases. |
